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البحـث الأول
مجلة النفط والتعاون العربي
161
العدد
- 2017
أربعون
المجلد الثالث و ال
2016
أوابك العلمية لعام
�
ص لبحوث العلمية الفائزة بجائزة
�
عدد خا
13
3
Table of Contents
List of Tables
...........................................................................................................................................5
List of Figures
..........................................................................................................................................6
Introduction
............................................................................................................................................7
Executive Summary
................................................................................................................................9
Chapter 1 - History of Lubrication and Re-refining
.............................................................................13
Chapter 2 - Environmental Impact and Resource Conservation
.........................................................18
Collection of Used Oils:.....................................................................................................................18
Examples of Collection Management: ..........................................................................................19
Sources of Used Oils: ........................................................................................................................20
Evaluation of Used Oils: ....................................................................................................................21
Environmental Impact: .....................................................................................................................23
Quantitative Consideration:..........................................................................................................24
Steps to Protection: ......................................................................................................................24
Lube Oils Degradation:..................................................................................................................24
Impact of Synthetic lubricants: .....................................................................................................26
The PCB Question: ........................................................................................................................27
Re-refining Versus Burning: ..............................................................................................................29
Quality, Groups and Drain Periods: ..................................................................................................30
The API Groups: ................................................................................................................................30
Trends of Specifications:...................................................................................................................32
The Drain Interval: ............................................................................................................................33
The Impact on Used Oil Re-refining:.................................................................................................34
Chapter 3 - Virgin and Used Oil Processing
.........................................................................................35
Virgin Base Oil Processing:
1, 2,49,84,85
..................................................................................................35
Used Oils Re-refining Processes:.......................................................................................................37
The Meinken Process:
1, 3, 107
.........................................................................................................39
The Sotulub process:
1, 3, 107
...........................................................................................................39
The Mohawk and CEP Mohawk Process:
1, 3, 107
.............................................................................40
The Revivoil Process:
1, 3, 15, 87, 90, 91
.................................................................................................44
The Snamprogetti Process:
1, 3
.......................................................................................................44
The Kinetic Technology International (KTI) Process:
1, 4, 67, 107
.......................................................46
The Hylube Process:
1, 3, 86, 107
.........................................................................................................48
STP Process:
94, 107
..........................................................................................................................49